GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

1) Simple Present Tense
Pengertian
Present tense adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal, keadaan atau pernyataan tentang :
a. Kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau terus menerus.
EX : I always go to school by bus every day.
My Father often drinks a cup of coffee in the morning.
They usually study English on Tuesdays.
b. Kebenaran Umum (general Truth)
Ex : The moon goes around the earth.
There are twenty four hours in a day.
The sun sets in the west.
c. Membenarkan hal akan datang, berkenaan dengan jadwal, program, acara atau kegiatan lain yang terencana atau berseri.
EX : The plane arrives at 09.00 o’clock.
The employee begins working at 08.00 o’clock.
The show starts with an attractive dancing.

Keterangan Waktu ( adverb of time ) atau frase keterangan yang digunakan di present tense.
Always , never , occasionally , often , sometimes , everywhere , on Monday , twice a year , usually , generally , ever , lately , frequently , seldom , etc.
a. Bentuk kalimat positif ( + )
Subject ( I/you/we/they) + verb 1 + O
Subject ( he/she/it) + verb 1 + O
EX : I drink coffee every morning.
He drinks coffee every night.
b. Bentuk Kalimat interogatif ( ? )
Do/Does + subject + verb 1 + ……….
EX : Do you always go to school by bus ?
Does she often read novel ?


Catatan :
Orang ketiga tunggal dalam simple present tense ( he ,she, my, mother, etc) kata kerjanya ditambah S atau ES dengan aturan berikut.
 Kata kerja berakhiran dengan huruf y didahului huruf mati (konsonan) diubah menjadi I lalu ditambah es.
Contoh : Study = studies
Try = tries
Carry = carries.
 Kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan S , TH , SH , X , O ditambah es.
Contoh : miss = misses teach = teaches wish = wishes
Kiss = kisses box = boxes go = goes
 Kata – kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf mati ( konsonan) didahului oleh huruf hidup (vocal) dan yang tidak termasuk dalam kelompok a dan b hanya ditambah s.
Contoh : play = plays work = works
Visit = visits eat = eats

Present tense dengan question words
Question words + do/does + subject + verb 1 + ………
Ex : Where do they playing football every afternoon ?
When does she usually go to bed ?
How many time a week does she teach you English ?
Jika Question words menanyakan subjek atau menjadi subjek, maka susunannya adalah sebagai berikut :
Question words + verb 1 + (s/es) + subjek + ………
EX : Who teaches you English ?
Whose daughter usually goes to public library?
Contoh :
Mr Andre: What does your sister do every afternoon?
Elisabeth: My sister ….
A. Studies French.
B. Studies English.
C. Takes dutch test.
D. Has latin test.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat soal yang berpola simple present tense , yaitu :
S ( orang ketiga tunggal ) + V1 + s + O +….
Doctor : Good morning, Dista. How are you ?
Dista : Good morning, doctor. I’m fine thank you.
Doctor : Do you eat vegetables and fruits every day? You…than before.
A. Seem happy.
B. Look more fresh.
C. Feel great.
D. Appear fat.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar bahwa dista kelihatan lebih segar daripada sebelumnya karena dia makan sayur-sayuran dan buah – buahan setiap setiap hari.

2. Simple Past Tense
Pengertian
Simple Past tense adalah pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal ,keadaan, atau kejadian pada masa lampau.
Bentuk Kalimat : Subject + Verb2 + Object
Kata kerja past tense untuk subjek ketiga tunggal tidak pernah mendapat tambahan s/es.
Ex : He drank two glasses of beer yesterday. ( bukan he dranks two
Glasses of beer yesterday).

Penggunaannya
 Untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau keadaan pada masa yang sudah lewat. EX : We visited our grandmother a week ago.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau. EX : My cat slept on the sofa last night.
Uncle asked me to come yesterday.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan di waktu lampau. EX : we went to London for 6 months.

Bentuk negative ( - ) dan Interogatif ( ? )
 Bentuk Negative ( - )
Subjek + did + not + verb 1
Ex : Santi did not go to Bogor yesterday.
I did not come to his party last week.
 Bentuk Kalimat Interogatif ( ? )
Did + Subject + verb 1
Ex : Did you call me last night ?
Did she visit you last month ?
Simple Past Tense dengan Question words

Question words + did + Subject + Verb1 + ………
Ex : Where did he buy a car last week ?

Question words + Verb2 + ………
Ex : Who call him last night ?
Who send me a gift yesterday ?

Keterangan waktu ( time signals )
- Yesterday - an hour…… ago
- yesterday morning - …… ago
- last night - this morning
- last week - just now
- last ……

Contoh :
Andi : Hello San, where did you buy this hand phone yesterday?
Santi : Hi, Andi. I ……… it at Roxy.
A. Bought
B. Was buying
C. Am buying
D. Have bought
Answer key: A
Pilihan A benar karena merupakan kalimat berpola simple past tense yang mengunakan kata kerja kedua.


Eno : Congratulation , you were the winner of champion last week.
Santi : Thank you , I ……… of it.
A. An happy
B. Was proud
C. Am satisfied
D. Was being happy
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat berpola simple past tense
( S + V2 + O + ………)

GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

1) Simple Present Tense
Pengertian
Present tense adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal, keadaan atau pernyataan tentang :
a. Kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau terus menerus.
EX : I always go to school by bus every day.
My Father often drinks a cup of coffee in the morning.
They usually study English on Tuesdays.
b. Kebenaran Umum (general Truth)
Ex : The moon goes around the earth.
There are twenty four hours in a day.
The sun sets in the west.
c. Membenarkan hal akan datang, berkenaan dengan jadwal, program, acara atau kegiatan lain yang terencana atau berseri.
EX : The plane arrives at 09.00 o’clock.
The employee begins working at 08.00 o’clock.
The show starts with an attractive dancing.

Keterangan Waktu ( adverb of time ) atau frase keterangan yang digunakan di present tense.
Always , never , occasionally , often , sometimes , everywhere , on Monday , twice a year , usually , generally , ever , lately , frequently , seldom , etc.
a. Bentuk kalimat positif ( + )
Subject ( I/you/we/they) + verb 1 + O
Subject ( he/she/it) + verb 1 + O
EX : I drink coffee every morning.
He drinks coffee every night.
b. Bentuk Kalimat interogatif ( ? )
Do/Does + subject + verb 1 + ……….
EX : Do you always go to school by bus ?
Does she often read novel ?


Catatan :
Orang ketiga tunggal dalam simple present tense ( he ,she, my, mother, etc) kata kerjanya ditambah S atau ES dengan aturan berikut.
 Kata kerja berakhiran dengan huruf y didahului huruf mati (konsonan) diubah menjadi I lalu ditambah es.
Contoh : Study = studies
Try = tries
Carry = carries.
 Kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan S , TH , SH , X , O ditambah es.
Contoh : miss = misses teach = teaches wish = wishes
Kiss = kisses box = boxes go = goes
 Kata – kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf mati ( konsonan) didahului oleh huruf hidup (vocal) dan yang tidak termasuk dalam kelompok a dan b hanya ditambah s.
Contoh : play = plays work = works
Visit = visits eat = eats

Present tense dengan question words
Question words + do/does + subject + verb 1 + ………
Ex : Where do they playing football every afternoon ?
When does she usually go to bed ?
How many time a week does she teach you English ?
Jika Question words menanyakan subjek atau menjadi subjek, maka susunannya adalah sebagai berikut :
Question words + verb 1 + (s/es) + subjek + ………
EX : Who teaches you English ?
Whose daughter usually goes to public library?
Contoh :
Mr Andre: What does your sister do every afternoon?
Elisabeth: My sister ….
A. Studies French.
B. Studies English.
C. Takes dutch test.
D. Has latin test.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat soal yang berpola simple present tense , yaitu :
S ( orang ketiga tunggal ) + V1 + s + O +….
Doctor : Good morning, Dista. How are you ?
Dista : Good morning, doctor. I’m fine thank you.
Doctor : Do you eat vegetables and fruits every day? You…than before.
A. Seem happy.
B. Look more fresh.
C. Feel great.
D. Appear fat.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar bahwa dista kelihatan lebih segar daripada sebelumnya karena dia makan sayur-sayuran dan buah – buahan setiap setiap hari.

2. Simple Past Tense
Pengertian
Simple Past tense adalah pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal ,keadaan, atau kejadian pada masa lampau.
Bentuk Kalimat : Subject + Verb2 + Object
Kata kerja past tense untuk subjek ketiga tunggal tidak pernah mendapat tambahan s/es.
Ex : He drank two glasses of beer yesterday. ( bukan he dranks two
Glasses of beer yesterday).

Penggunaanya
 Untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau keadaan pada masa yang sudah lewat. EX : We visited our grandmother a week ago.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau. EX : My cat slept on the sofa last night.
Uncle asked me to come yesterday.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan di waktu lampau. EX : we went to London for 6 months.

Bentuk negative ( - ) dan Interogatif ( ? )
 Bentuk Negative ( - )
Subjek + did + not + verb 1
Ex : Santi did not go to Bogor yesterday.
I did not come to his party last week.
 Bentuk Kalimat Interogatif ( ? )
Did + Subject + verb 1
Ex : Did you call me last night ?
Did she visit you last month ?
Simple Past Tense dengan Question words

Question words + did + Subject + Verb1 + ………
Ex : Where did he buy a car last week ?

Question words + Verb2 + ………
Ex : Who call him last night ?
Who send me a gift yesterday ?

Keterangan waktu ( time signals )
- Yesterday - an hour…… ago
- yesterday morning - …… ago
- last night - this morning
- last week - just now
- last ……

Contoh :
Andi : Hello San, where did you buy this hand phone yesterday?
Santi : Hi, Andi. I ……… it at Roxy.
A. Bought
B. Was buying
C. Am buying
D. Have bought
Answer key: A
Pilihan A benar karena merupakan kalimat berpola simple past tense yang mengunakan kata kerja kedua.


Eno : Congratulation , you were the winner of champion last week.
Santi : Thank you , I ……… of it.
A. An happy
B. Was proud
C. Am satisfied
D. Was being happy
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat berpola simple past tense
( S + V2 + O + ………)

Student's contribution

A TRIP TO BOGOR
By: Angeline W (VIIIF)

Last holiday I went to Bogor with my family and some of my friends. We went to Bogor by car.
We started at 5.00 PM. We had a long trip. At 7.30 we dropped in for a while to eat. We ate in a Javanese restaurant. After that, we continued the trip. At 8.00 PM arrived in Bogor, and then we went to Villa Paloma Bianca to stay overnight. It was nice there.
The next day we went to Lembang. That was a tiring trip. We arrived at the other villa at 05.00 pm. We played so many games. We enjoyed it. And the next day, we went to Kawah Putih. It was an exiting experience.
Then we went home. I was tired but happy.

To all of My Students

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I do hope that my blog will be able to be a bridge
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You'll get a lot of important things dealing with English Lesson
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Verb Tense Exercise 5

Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never)_________that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) _________ in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know) _________ each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _________ ten very creative short stories the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I (have, not) _________ this much fun since I (be) _________ a kid.

6. Things (change) _________ a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) _________ working here three years ago, the company (have, only) _________ six employees. Since then, we (expand) _________ to include more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I (tell) _______ him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander)_________ off into the forest and (be)_______ bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss)_________ the bus this morning. You (be) _____ late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _________ the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George (dream) _________ of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never) _________ the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _________ much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _________ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _________ very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) _________ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _________ since the last time I (see) you. You (grow) _________ at least a foot!

13. This tree (be) _________ planted by the settlers who (found) _________ our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain (be, never) _________ climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _________to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _________ . The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _________ trying to reach the summit.

15. I (visit, never) _________ Africa, but I (travel) _________ to South America several times. The last time I (go) _________ to South America, I (visit) _________ Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _________ two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) _________ for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _________ over the Nazca Lines.
Check

Test Yourselves

Using the words in the parentheses , complete the text below with the appropriate tenses

1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) ________ her kids to football practice.

2. Usually, I (work)________ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study)________ French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) ________ .

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) ____________ .

5. I hate living in Seattle because it ________(rain, always) .

6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) ________ because everybody (talk) _________ so loudly.

7. Justin(write, currently) ________ a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.

8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) ________ to a movie tonight with some friends.

9. The business cards (be, normally) ________ printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be) _____ inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.

10. This delicious chocolate (be) ________ made by a small factory in Zürich, Switzerland.





Simple Present / Present Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.


Today (be)______the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs (shake)______ ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill, really) ______ me and my toes (bleed) ______ , but I (want, still)______ to continue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be) _____ so different, and I (try)______ to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) ______ a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not) ______ foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) ______ much yet, I believe that I (improve, gradually) ______ .

I (travel, currently)_________ with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He (be) ______ a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always) _________ ahead of me and (complain) _________ that I am too slow. I (do) ______ my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old.

Right now, Liam (sit) ______ with the owner of the inn. They (discuss) ______ the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not) ______ the real name of the owner, but everybody (call, just) _________ him Tam. Tam (speak) ______ English very well and he (try) ______ to teach Liam some words in Nepali. Every time Tam (say)______ a new word, Liam (try) ______ to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam (seem, also) _________ to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don't get lost and have to ask for directions.






Verb Tense Exercise 3
Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. A: What (you, do)_________when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) ______ to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

2. After I (find) ______ the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) _________ to the police and (turn) it in.

3. The doctor (say) _____ that Tom (be) _____ too sick to go to work and that he (need) _______ to stay at home for a couple of days.

4. Sebastian (arrive) _________ at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she (be, not) _________ there. She (study, at the library) _________ for her final examination in French.

5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also) _________ television. That's all she ever does!

6. A: I (call) _______ you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) _______ there. Where were you?
B: I (work) _______ out at the fitness center.

7. When I (walk) _________ into the busy office, the secretary (talk) _______ on the phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily) _______ at their desks, and two managers (discuss, quietly) _________ methods to improve customer service.
8. I (watch) _______ a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends.

9. Sharon (be) ______ in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't hear anything because she (listen, not) _____.

10. It's strange that you (call) _______ because I (think, just) _______ about you.

11. The Titanic (cross) _______ the Atlantic when it (strike) _______ an iceberg.

12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily) _______ and (try) ______ to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt)_______ for souvenirs. Some young boys (lead) _______ their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue) ______ over the price of a leather belt. I (walk) _______ over to a man who (sell) ______ fruit and (buy) _______ a banana.

13. The firemen (rescue) _______ the old woman who (be) _____ trapped on the third floor of the burning building.

14. She was so annoying! She (leave, always)_________ her dirty dishes in the sink. I think she (expect, actually) _________ me to do them for her.

15. Samantha (live) _______ in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live) ______ there when the Berlin Wall came down.
Check





Verb Tense Exercise 4
Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call)_______. She said she (call)_______ me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she (wait) _______ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (talk) _______ to me. I couldn't believe she (make) _______ a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

Used to / didn't use to

Used to / didn't use to
When talking about things that we did in the past but don't do now we can use the expression used to. The negative form, to talk about things which we didn't do in the past but do now, is didn't use to.

Positive sentences

I used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
I used to eat loads of junk food.
Negative sentences: I didn't use to do any exercise.
I didn't use to swim very well.

All pronouns take
used to / didn't use to


I
You
She
He
It
We
They
used to / didn't use to eat a lot of sweets.
eat meat.
live in the city.
have long hair.


Used to and didn't use to are only used to talk about past habits. There is no present form. To talk about present habits we can use the present simple. When using these structures there are often two parts to the sentence, something about the past and something about the present, for example:

I used to drive to work but now I go by car.
I didn't use to like coffee but I love it now.

Unless

Unless with a subject and verb means only if or except if in positive and negative sentences. The other part of the sentence gives the possible result.

possible result	unless	subject and verb
I'm not going to dance	unless	you ask me.
I won't go by car	unless	it's a long way.
We can go to the park	unless	someone has a better idea.

unless	subject and verb	possible result
Unless	we're there by 8 o'clock	we won't get anything to eat.
Unless	Elena wants to take a taxi	we can go by bus.
Unless	you tell me who broke the cup	I will make you pay for it.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns like everybody and anyone take singular verbs. Some nouns which end with –s, like news, and diabetes – are actually singular. Other words like data and media are plural, and collective nouns like team, government and group can be singular or plural.

Rule	Some nouns which follow this rule	Example sentence
Some indefinite pronouns have a plural meaning, but take singular verbs	everybody, anyone, everything	Everybody is in hospital
Some nouns which end with –s are singular	mathematics, physics, rabies, diabetes, news	Rabies is on the increase
Some nouns which don't end with –s are plural	people, children, data, media	The media have collected more data
Some collective nouns can be singular and plural	family, team, police, group, government, jury	The jury has found the defendant guilty The jury are having a discussion

Hi, students...

How are you everybody? It's been a long time not to see each other. I miss you all. How's your holiday? Where did you spend the two weeks holiday? Did you go to Bali, Jogja, Singapore or USA? Wherever you go, whatever you do.... I just hope that you enjoy your time. So...see you at school tomorrow morning.