GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

1) Simple Present Tense
Pengertian
Present tense adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal, keadaan atau pernyataan tentang :
a. Kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau terus menerus.
EX : I always go to school by bus every day.
My Father often drinks a cup of coffee in the morning.
They usually study English on Tuesdays.
b. Kebenaran Umum (general Truth)
Ex : The moon goes around the earth.
There are twenty four hours in a day.
The sun sets in the west.
c. Membenarkan hal akan datang, berkenaan dengan jadwal, program, acara atau kegiatan lain yang terencana atau berseri.
EX : The plane arrives at 09.00 o’clock.
The employee begins working at 08.00 o’clock.
The show starts with an attractive dancing.

Keterangan Waktu ( adverb of time ) atau frase keterangan yang digunakan di present tense.
Always , never , occasionally , often , sometimes , everywhere , on Monday , twice a year , usually , generally , ever , lately , frequently , seldom , etc.
a. Bentuk kalimat positif ( + )
Subject ( I/you/we/they) + verb 1 + O
Subject ( he/she/it) + verb 1 + O
EX : I drink coffee every morning.
He drinks coffee every night.
b. Bentuk Kalimat interogatif ( ? )
Do/Does + subject + verb 1 + ……….
EX : Do you always go to school by bus ?
Does she often read novel ?


Catatan :
Orang ketiga tunggal dalam simple present tense ( he ,she, my, mother, etc) kata kerjanya ditambah S atau ES dengan aturan berikut.
 Kata kerja berakhiran dengan huruf y didahului huruf mati (konsonan) diubah menjadi I lalu ditambah es.
Contoh : Study = studies
Try = tries
Carry = carries.
 Kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan S , TH , SH , X , O ditambah es.
Contoh : miss = misses teach = teaches wish = wishes
Kiss = kisses box = boxes go = goes
 Kata – kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf mati ( konsonan) didahului oleh huruf hidup (vocal) dan yang tidak termasuk dalam kelompok a dan b hanya ditambah s.
Contoh : play = plays work = works
Visit = visits eat = eats

Present tense dengan question words
Question words + do/does + subject + verb 1 + ………
Ex : Where do they playing football every afternoon ?
When does she usually go to bed ?
How many time a week does she teach you English ?
Jika Question words menanyakan subjek atau menjadi subjek, maka susunannya adalah sebagai berikut :
Question words + verb 1 + (s/es) + subjek + ………
EX : Who teaches you English ?
Whose daughter usually goes to public library?
Contoh :
Mr Andre: What does your sister do every afternoon?
Elisabeth: My sister ….
A. Studies French.
B. Studies English.
C. Takes dutch test.
D. Has latin test.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat soal yang berpola simple present tense , yaitu :
S ( orang ketiga tunggal ) + V1 + s + O +….
Doctor : Good morning, Dista. How are you ?
Dista : Good morning, doctor. I’m fine thank you.
Doctor : Do you eat vegetables and fruits every day? You…than before.
A. Seem happy.
B. Look more fresh.
C. Feel great.
D. Appear fat.
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar bahwa dista kelihatan lebih segar daripada sebelumnya karena dia makan sayur-sayuran dan buah – buahan setiap setiap hari.

2. Simple Past Tense
Pengertian
Simple Past tense adalah pola kalimat yang menunjukan hal ,keadaan, atau kejadian pada masa lampau.
Bentuk Kalimat : Subject + Verb2 + Object
Kata kerja past tense untuk subjek ketiga tunggal tidak pernah mendapat tambahan s/es.
Ex : He drank two glasses of beer yesterday. ( bukan he dranks two
Glasses of beer yesterday).

Penggunaannya
 Untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau keadaan pada masa yang sudah lewat. EX : We visited our grandmother a week ago.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau. EX : My cat slept on the sofa last night.
Uncle asked me to come yesterday.
 Untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan di waktu lampau. EX : we went to London for 6 months.

Bentuk negative ( - ) dan Interogatif ( ? )
 Bentuk Negative ( - )
Subjek + did + not + verb 1
Ex : Santi did not go to Bogor yesterday.
I did not come to his party last week.
 Bentuk Kalimat Interogatif ( ? )
Did + Subject + verb 1
Ex : Did you call me last night ?
Did she visit you last month ?
Simple Past Tense dengan Question words

Question words + did + Subject + Verb1 + ………
Ex : Where did he buy a car last week ?

Question words + Verb2 + ………
Ex : Who call him last night ?
Who send me a gift yesterday ?

Keterangan waktu ( time signals )
- Yesterday - an hour…… ago
- yesterday morning - …… ago
- last night - this morning
- last week - just now
- last ……

Contoh :
Andi : Hello San, where did you buy this hand phone yesterday?
Santi : Hi, Andi. I ……… it at Roxy.
A. Bought
B. Was buying
C. Am buying
D. Have bought
Answer key: A
Pilihan A benar karena merupakan kalimat berpola simple past tense yang mengunakan kata kerja kedua.


Eno : Congratulation , you were the winner of champion last week.
Santi : Thank you , I ……… of it.
A. An happy
B. Was proud
C. Am satisfied
D. Was being happy
Answer key : B
Pilihan B benar untuk melengkapi kalimat berpola simple past tense
( S + V2 + O + ………)